The number of commutative positive roots in the root system of the given finite Cartan type. An upper ideal $I$ in the root poset $\Phi^+$ is called '''abelian''' if $\alpha,\beta \in I$ implies that $\alpha+\beta \notin \Phi^+$. A positive root is called '''commutative''' if the upper ideal it generates is abelian. The numbers are then given in [1, Theorem 4.4].

The maximal number of elements covering an element of a poset.

The number of potential covers of a poset. A potential cover is a pair of uncomparable elements $(x, y)$ which can be added to the poset without adding any other relations. For example, let $P$ be the disjoint union of a single relation $(1, 2)$ with the one element poset $0$. Then the relation $(0, 1)$ cannot be added without adding also $(0, 2)$, however, the relations $(0, 2)$ and $(1, 0)$ are potential covers.

The weighted size of a partition. Let $\lambda = (\lambda_0\geq\lambda_1 \geq \dots\geq\lambda_m)$ be an integer partition. Then the weighted size of $\lambda$ is $$\sum_{i=0}^m i \cdot \lambda_i.$$ This is also the sum of the leg lengths of the cells in $\lambda$, or $$\sum_i \binom{\lambda^{\prime}_i}{2}$$ where $\lambda^{\prime}$ is the conjugate partition of $\lambda$. This is the minimal number of inversions a permutation with the given shape can have, see [1, cor.2.2]. This is also the smallest possible sum of the entries of a semistandard tableau (allowing 0 as a part) of shape $\lambda=(\lambda_0,\lambda_1,\ldots,\lambda_m)$, obtained uniquely by placing $i-1$ in all the cells of the $i$th row of $\lambda$, see [2, eq.7.103].

The diameter of a connected graph. This is the greatest distance between any pair of vertices.

The number of vertices of odd degree in a graph.

The number of leaves in a graph. That is, the number of vertices of a graph that have degree 1.

The sum of the vertex degrees of a graph. This is clearly equal to twice the number of edges, and, incidentally, also equal to the trace of the Laplacian matrix of a graph. From this it follows that it is also the sum of the squares of the eigenvalues of the adjacency matrix of the graph. The Laplacian matrix is defined as $D-A$ where $D$ is the degree matrix (the diagonal matrix with the vertex degrees on the diagonal) and where $A$ is the adjacency matrix. See [1] for detailed definitions.

The energy of a graph, if it is integral. The energy of a graph is the sum of the absolute values of its eigenvalues. This statistic is only defined for graphs with integral energy. It is known, that the energy is never an odd integer [2]. In fact, it is never the square root of an odd integer [3]. The energy of a graph is the sum of the energies of the connected components of a graph. The energy of the complete graph $K_n$ equals $2n-2$. For this reason, we do not define the energy of the empty graph.

The first Zagreb index of a graph. This is the sum of the squares of the degrees of the vertices, $$\sum_{v \in V(G)} d^2(v) = \sum_{\{u,v\}\in E(G)} \big(d(u)+d(v)\big)$$ where $d(u)$ is the degree of the vertex $u$.