The number of different neighbourhoods in a graph.

The pebbling number of a connected graph.

The length of a longest path in a graph such that the remaining vertices can be partitioned into two sets of the same size without edges between them. Such a partition always exists because of a construction due to Dudek and Pralat [1] and independently Pokrovskiy [2].

The coalition number of a graph. This is the maximal cardinality of a set partition such that each block is either a dominating set of cardinality one, or is not a dominating set but can be joined with a second block to form a dominating set.

The number of positive eigenvalues of the Laplacian matrix of the graph. This is the number of vertices minus the number of connected components of the graph.

The length of a longest path in a graph.

The hat guessing number of a graph. Suppose that each vertex of a graph corresponds to a player, wearing a hat whose color is arbitrarily chosen from a set of $q$ possible colors. Each player can see the hat colors of his neighbors, but not his own hat color. All of the players are asked to guess their own hat colors simultaneously, according to a predetermined guessing strategy and the hat colors they see, where no communication between them is allowed. The hat guessing number $HG(G)$ of a graph $G$ is the largest integer $q$ such that there exists a guessing strategy guaranteeing at least one correct guess for any hat assignment of $q$ possible colors. Because it suffices that a single player guesses correctly, the hat guessing number of a graph is the maximum of the hat guessing numbers of its connected components.

The largest eigenvalue of a graph if it is integral. If a graph is $d$-regular, then its largest eigenvalue equals $d$. One can show that the largest eigenvalue always lies between the average degree and the maximal degree. This statistic is undefined if the largest eigenvalue of the graph is not integral.