The dinv of a Dyck path.
Let $a=(a_1,\ldots,a_n)$ be the area sequence of a Dyck path $D$ (see St000012The area of a Dyck path.).
The dinv statistic of $D$ is
$$ \operatorname{dinv}(D) = \# \big\{ i < j : a_i-a_j \in \{ 0,1 \} \big\}.$$
Equivalently, $\operatorname{dinv}(D)$ is also equal to the number of boxes in the partition above $D$ whose arm length is one larger or equal to its leg length.
There is a recursive definition of the $(\operatorname{area},\operatorname{dinv})$ pair of statistics, see [2].
Let $a=(0,a_2,\ldots,a_r,0,a_{r+2},\ldots,a_n)$ be the area sequence of the Dyck path $D$ with $a_i > 0$ for $2\leq i\leq r$ (so that the path touches the diagonal for the first time after $r$ steps). Assume that $D$ has $v$ entries where $a_i=0$. Let $D'$ be the path with the area sequence $(0,a_{r+2},\ldots,a_n,a_2-1,a_3-1,\ldots,a_r-1)$, then the statistics are related by
$$(\operatorname{area}(D),\operatorname{dinv}(D)) = (\operatorname{area}(D')+r-1,\operatorname{dinv}(D')+v-1).$$

The inverse zeta map on Dyck paths.
See its inverse, the zeta map Mp00030zeta map, for the definition and details.

Send a Dyck path to its peeled Dyck path.