Degree of the polynomial counting the number of semistandard Young tableaux when stretching the shape.
Given a partition $\lambda$ with $r$ parts, the number of semi-standard Young-tableaux of shape $k\lambda$ and boxes with values in $[r]$ grows as a polynomial in $k$. This follows by setting $q=1$ in (7.105) on page 375 of [1], which yields the polynomial
$$p(k) = \prod_{i < j}\frac{k(\lambda_j-\lambda_i)+j-i}{j-i}.$$
The statistic of the degree of this polynomial.
For example, the partition $(3, 2, 1, 1, 1)$ gives
$$p(k) = \frac{-1}{36} (k - 3) (2k - 3) (k - 2)^2 (k - 1)^3$$
which has degree 7 in $k$. Thus, $[3, 2, 1, 1, 1] \mapsto 7$.
This is the same as the number of unordered pairs of different parts, which follows from:
$$\deg p(k)=\sum_{i < j}\begin{cases}1& \lambda_j \neq \lambda_i\\0&\lambda_i=\lambda_j\end{cases}=\sum_{\stackrel{i < j}{\lambda_j \neq \lambda_i}} 1$$

Return a partition with the same number of odd parts and number of even parts interchanged with the number of cells with zero leg and odd arm length.
This is a special case of an involution that preserves the sequence of non-zero remainders of the parts under division by $s$ and interchanges the number of parts divisible by $s$ and the number of cells with zero leg length and arm length congruent to $s-1$ modulo $s$.
In particular, for $s=1$ the involution is conjugation, hence the name.

The root poset of a finite Cartan type.
This is the poset on the set of positive roots of its root system where $\alpha \prec \beta$ if $\beta - \alpha$ is a simple root.

The Greene-Kleitman invariant of a poset.
This is the partition $(c_1 - c_0, c_2 - c_1, c_3 - c_2, \ldots)$, where $c_k$ is the maximum cardinality of a union of $k$ chains of the poset. Equivalently, this is the conjugate of the partition $(a_1 - a_0, a_2 - a_1, a_3 - a_2, \ldots)$, where $a_k$ is the maximum cardinality of a union of $k$ antichains of the poset.