The number of right floats of a permutation.
Let $\pi$ be a permutation of length $n$. A raft of $\pi$ is a non-empty maximal sequence of consecutive small ascents, St000441The number of successions of a permutation., and a right float is a large ascent not consecutive to any raft of $\pi$.
See Definition 3.10 and Example 3.11 in [1].

Sends a Dyck path to a 321-avoiding permutation.
This bijection defined in [3, pp. 60] and in [2, Section 3.1].
It is shown in [1] that it sends the number of centered tunnels to the number of fixed points, the number of right tunnels to the number of exceedences, and the semilength plus the height of the middle point to 2 times the length of the longest increasing subsequence.

Sends a permutation to its associated increasing tree.
This tree is recursively obtained by sending the unique permutation of length $0$ to the empty tree, and sending a permutation $\sigma$ of length $n \geq 1$ to a root node with two subtrees $L$ and $R$ by splitting $\sigma$ at the index $\sigma^{-1}(1)$, normalizing both sides again to permutations and sending the permutations on the left and on the right of $\sigma^{-1}(1)$ to the trees $L$ and $R$, respectively.

Return a 132-avoiding permutation corresponding to a binary tree.
The linear extensions of a binary tree form an interval of the weak order called the Sylvester class of the tree. This permutation is the maximal element of the Sylvester class.