The length of the longest partition in the vacillating tableau corresponding to a set partition.
To a set partition $\pi$ of $\{1,\dots,r\}$ with at most $n$ blocks we associate a vacillating tableau, following [1], as follows: create a triangular growth diagram by labelling the columns of a triangular grid with row lengths $r-1, \dots, 0$ from left to right $1$ to $r$, and the rows from the shortest to the longest $1$ to $r$. For each arc $(i,j)$ in the standard representation of $\pi$, place a cross into the cell in column $i$ and row $j$.
Next we label the corners of the first column beginning with the corners of the shortest row. The first corner is labelled with the partition $(n)$. If there is a cross in the row separating this corner from the next, label the next corner with the same partition, otherwise with the partition smaller by one. Do the same with the corners of the first row.
Finally, apply Fomin's local rules, to obtain the partitions along the diagonal. These will alternate in size between $n$ and $n-1$.
This statistic is the length of the longest partition on the diagonal of the diagram.

The Kasraoui-Zeng involution.
This is defined in [1] and yields the set partition with the number of nestings and crossings exchanged.

Return the set partition corresponding to the perfect matching.

Sends a Dyck path of semilength n to the noncrossing perfect matching given by matching an up-step with the corresponding down-step.
This is, for a Dyck path $D$ of semilength $n$, the perfect matching of $\{1,\dots,2n\}$ with $i < j$ being matched if $D_i$ is an up-step and $D_j$ is the down-step connected to $D_i$ by a tunnel.