The number of conjugacy classes of subgroups with connected subgroups of sizes prescribed by an integer partition.
Equivalently, given an integer partition $\lambda$, this is the number of molecular combinatorial species that decompose into a product of atomic species of sizes $\lambda_1,\lambda_2,\dots$. In particular, the value on the partition $(n)$ is the number of atomic species of degree $n$, [2].

The cut-out partition of a Dyck path.
The partition $\lambda$ associated to a Dyck path is defined to be the complementary partition inside the staircase partition $(n-1,\ldots,2,1)$ when cutting out $D$ considered as a path from $(0,0)$ to $(n,n)$.
In other words, $\lambda_{i}$ is the number of down-steps before the $(n+1-i)$-th up-step of $D$.
This map is a bijection between Dyck paths of size $n$ and partitions inside the staircase partition $(n-1,\ldots,2,1)$.