The number of shortest chains of small intervals from the bottom to the top in a lattice.
An interval $[a, b]$ in a lattice is small if $b$ is a join of elements covering $a$.

Return the Dyck path corresponding to the parallelogram polyomino obtained by applying Delest-Viennot's bijection.
Let $D$ be a Dyck path of semilength $n$. The parallelogram polyomino $\gamma(D)$ is defined as follows: let $\tilde D = d_0 d_1 \dots d_{2n+1}$ be the Dyck path obtained by prepending an up step and appending a down step to $D$. Then, the upper path of $\gamma(D)$ corresponds to the sequence of steps of $\tilde D$ with even indices, and the lower path of $\gamma(D)$ corresponds to the sequence of steps of $\tilde D$ with odd indices.
The Delest-Viennot bijection $\beta$ returns the parallelogram polyomino, whose column heights are the heights of the peaks of the Dyck path, and the intersection heights between columns are the heights of the valleys of the Dyck path.
This map returns the Dyck path $(\gamma^{(-1)}\circ\beta)(D)$.

The lattice of order ideals of a poset.
An order ideal $\mathcal I$ in a poset $P$ is a downward closed set, i.e., $a \in \mathcal I$ and $b \leq a$ implies $b \in \mathcal I$. This map sends a poset to the lattice of all order ideals sorted by inclusion with meet being intersection and join being union.

The Hessenberg poset of a Dyck path.
Let $D$ be a Dyck path of semilength $n$, regarded as a subdiagonal path from $(0,0)$ to $(n,n)$, and let $\boldsymbol{m}_i$ be the $x$-coordinate of the $i$-th up step.
Then the Hessenberg poset (or natural unit interval order) corresponding to $D$ has elements $\{1,\dots,n\}$ with $i < j$ if $j < \boldsymbol{m}_i$.