The number of occurrences of the arrow pattern 1-2 with an arrow from 1 to 2 in a permutation.
Let $\nu$ be a (partial) permutation of $[k]$ with $m$ letters together with dashes between some of its letters. An occurrence of $\nu$ in a permutation $\tau$ is a subsequence $\tau_{a_1},\dots,\tau_{a_m}$
such that $a_i + 1 = a_{i+1}$ whenever there is a dash between the $i$-th and the $(i+1)$-st letter of $\nu$, which is order isomorphic to $\nu$.
Thus, $\nu$ is a vincular pattern, except that it is not required to be a permutation.
An arrow pattern of size $k$ consists of such a generalized vincular pattern $\nu$ and arrows $b_1\to c_1, b_2\to c_2,\dots$, such that precisely the numbers $1,\dots,k$ appear in the vincular pattern and the arrows.
Let $\Phi$ be the map Mp00087inverse first fundamental transformation. Let $\tau$ be a permutation and $\sigma = \Phi(\tau)$. Then a subsequence $w = (x_{a_1},\dots,x_{a_m})$ of $\tau$ is an occurrence of the arrow pattern if $w$ is an occurrence of $\nu$, for each arrow $b\to c$ we have $\sigma(x_b) = x_c$ and $x_1 < x_2 < \dots < x_k$.

Return the Dyck path obtained by adding an initial up and a final down step.

The permutation obtained by inverting the corresponding Laguerre heap, according to Viennot.
Let $\pi$ be a permutation. Following Viennot [1], we associate to $\pi$ a heap of pieces, by considering each decreasing run $(\pi_i, \pi_{i+1}, \dots, \pi_j)$ of $\pi$ as one piece, beginning with the left most run. Two pieces commute if and only if the minimal element of one piece is larger than the maximal element of the other piece.
This map yields the permutation corresponding to the heap obtained by reversing the reading direction of the heap.
Equivalently, this is the permutation obtained by flipping the noncrossing arc diagram of Reading [2] vertically.
By definition, this map preserves the set of decreasing runs.

Sends a Dyck path to a 321-avoiding permutation.
This bijection defined in [3, pp. 60] and in [2, Section 3.1].
It is shown in [1] that it sends the number of centered tunnels to the number of fixed points, the number of right tunnels to the number of exceedences, and the semilength plus the height of the middle point to 2 times the length of the longest increasing subsequence.