The maximal overlap of the cylindrical tableau associated with a tableau.
A cylindrical tableau associated with a standard Young tableau $T$ is the skew row-strict tableau obtained by gluing two copies of $T$ such that the inner shape is a rectangle.
The overlap, recorded in this statistic, equals $\max_C\big(2\ell(T) - \ell(C)\big)$, where $\ell$ denotes the number of rows of a tableau and the maximum is taken over all cylindrical tableaux.
In particular, the statistic equals $0$, if and only if the last entry of the first row is larger than or equal to the first entry of the last row. Moreover, the statistic attains its maximal value, the number of rows of the tableau minus 1, if and only if the tableau consists of a single column.

Return a standard tableau of shape $(n,n)$ where $n$ is the semilength of the Dyck path.
Given a Dyck path $D$, its image is given by recording the positions of the up-steps in the first row and the positions of the down-steps in the second row.

The cut-out partition of a Dyck path.
The partition $\lambda$ associated to a Dyck path is defined to be the complementary partition inside the staircase partition $(n-1,\ldots,2,1)$ when cutting out $D$ considered as a path from $(0,0)$ to $(n,n)$.
In other words, $\lambda_{i}$ is the number of down-steps before the $(n+1-i)$-th up-step of $D$.
This map is a bijection between Dyck paths of size $n$ and partitions inside the staircase partition $(n-1,\ldots,2,1)$.

Sends a partition to the shortest Dyck path tracing the shape of its Ferrers diagram.