The number of simple modules with projective dimension at most 1.

Return the sublattice of the dominance order induced by the support of the expansion of the skew Schur function into Schur functions.
Consider the expansion of the skew Schur function $s_{\lambda/\mu}=\sum_\nu c^\lambda_{\mu, \nu} s_\nu$ as a linear combination of straight Schur functions.
It is shown in [1] that the subposet of the dominance order whose elements are the partitions $\nu$ with $c^\lambda_{\mu, \nu} > 0$ form a lattice.
The example $\lambda = (5^2,4^2,1)$ and $\mu=(3,2)$ shows that this lattice is not a sublattice of the dominance order.

Return the Dyck path of the corresponding ordered tree induced by the recurrence of the Catalan numbers, see wikipedia:Catalan_number.
This sends the maximal height of the Dyck path to the depth of the tree.

The parallelogram polyomino corresponding to a Dyck path, interpreted as a skew partition.
Let $D$ be a Dyck path of semilength $n$. The parallelogram polyomino $\gamma(D)$ is defined as follows: let $\tilde D = d_0 d_1 \dots d_{2n+1}$ be the Dyck path obtained by prepending an up step and appending a down step to $D$. Then, the upper path of $\gamma(D)$ corresponds to the sequence of steps of $\tilde D$ with even indices, and the lower path of $\gamma(D)$ corresponds to the sequence of steps of $\tilde D$ with odd indices.
This map returns the skew partition definded by the diagram of $\gamma(D)$.