The projective dimension of the simple modules corresponding to the minimum of L in the incidence algebra of the lattice L.

This map is recursively defined as follows.
The unique empty path of semilength $0$ is sent to itself.
Let $D$ be a Dyck path of semilength $n > 0$ and decompose it into $1 D_1 0 D_2$ with Dyck paths $D_1, D_2$ of respective semilengths $n_1$ and $n_2$ such that $n_1$ is minimal. One then has $n_1+n_2 = n-1$.
Now let $\tilde D_1$ and $\tilde D_2$ be the recursively defined respective images of $D_1$ and $D_2$ under this map. The image of $D$ is then defined as $1 \tilde D_2 0 \tilde D_1$.

The lattice of antichains of maximal size in a poset.
The set of antichains of maximal size can be ordered by setting $A \leq B \leftrightarrow \mathop{\downarrow} A \subseteq \mathop{\downarrow} B$, where $\mathop{\downarrow} A$ is the order ideal generated by $A$.
This is a sublattice of the lattice of all antichains with respect to the same order relation. In particular, it is distributive.

The Hessenberg poset of a Dyck path.
Let $D$ be a Dyck path of semilength $n$, regarded as a subdiagonal path from $(0,0)$ to $(n,n)$, and let $\boldsymbol{m}_i$ be the $x$-coordinate of the $i$-th up step.
Then the Hessenberg poset (or natural unit interval order) corresponding to $D$ has elements $\{1,\dots,n\}$ with $i < j$ if $j < \boldsymbol{m}_i$.