The number of boxes weakly below the path and above the diagonal that lie below at least two peaks. For example, the path $111011010000$ has three peaks in positions $03, 15, 26$. The boxes below $03$ are $01,02,\textbf{12}$, the boxes below $15$ are $\textbf{12},13,14,\textbf{23},\textbf{24},\textbf{34}$, and the boxes below $26$ are $\textbf{23},\textbf{24},25,\textbf{34},35,45$. We thus obtain the four boxes in positions $12,23,24,34$ that are below at least two peaks.

The area of a Dyck path. This is the number of complete squares in the integer lattice which are below the path and above the x-axis. The 'half-squares' directly above the axis do not contribute to this statistic. 1. Dyck paths are bijection with '''area sequences''' $(a_1,\ldots,a_n)$ such that $a_1 = 0, a_{k+1} \leq a_k + 1$. 2. The generating function $\mathbf{D}_n(q) = \sum_{D \in \mathfrak{D}_n} q^{\operatorname{area}(D)}$ satisfy the recurrence $$\mathbf{D}_{n+1}(q) = \sum q^k \mathbf{D}_k(q) \mathbf{D}_{n-k}(q).$$ 3. The area is equidistributed with [[St000005]] and [[St000006]]. Pairs of these statistics play an important role in the theory of $q,t$-Catalan numbers.

The diagonal inversion number of an integer partition. The dinv of a partition is the number of cells $c$ in the diagram of an integer partition $\lambda$ for which $\operatorname{arm}(c)-\operatorname{leg}(c) \in \{0,1\}$. See also exercise 3.19 of [2]. This statistic is equidistributed with the length of the partition, see [3].

The major index east count of a Dyck path. The descent set $\operatorname{des}(D)$ of a Dyck path $D = D_1 \cdots D_{2n}$ with $D_i \in \{N,E\}$ is given by all indices $i$ such that $D_i = E$ and $D_{i+1} = N$. This is, the positions of the valleys of $D$. The '''major index''' of a Dyck path is then the sum of the positions of the valleys, $\sum_{i \in \operatorname{des}(D)} i$, see [[St000027]]. The '''major index east count''' is given by $\sum_{i \in \operatorname{des}(D)} \#\{ j \leq i \mid D_j = E\}$.

The major index north count of a Dyck path. The descent set $\operatorname{des}(D)$ of a Dyck path $D = D_1 \cdots D_{2n}$ with $D_i \in \{N,E\}$ is given by all indices $i$ such that $D_i = E$ and $D_{i+1} = N$. This is, the positions of the valleys of $D$. The '''major index''' of a Dyck path is then the sum of the positions of the valleys, $\sum_{i \in \operatorname{des}(D)} i$, see [[St000027]]. The '''major index north count''' is given by $\sum_{i \in \operatorname{des}(D)} \#\{ j \leq i \mid D_j = N\}$.

The mad of a permutation. According to [1], this is the sum of twice the number of occurrences of the vincular pattern of $(2\underline{31})$ plus the number of occurrences of the vincular patterns $(\underline{31}2)$ and $(\underline{21})$, where matches of the underlined letters must be adjacent.

The number of occurrences of the vincular pattern |132 in a permutation. This is the number of occurrences of the pattern $(1,3,2)$, such that the letter matched by $1$ is the first entry of the permutation.

The minimal length of a factorization of a permutation into transpositions that are cyclic shifts of (12). In symbols, for a permutation $\pi$ this is $$\min\{ k \mid \pi = \tau_{i_1} \cdots \tau_{i_k}, 1 \leq i_1,\ldots,i_k \leq n\},$$ where $\tau_a = (a,a+1)$ for $1 \leq a \leq n$ and $n+1$ is identified with $1$. Put differently, this is the number of cyclically simple transpositions needed to sort a permutation.

The number of transpositions that are smaller or equal to a permutation in Bruhat order. A statistic is known to be '''smooth''' if and only if this number coincides with the number of inversions. This is also equivalent for a permutation to avoid the two pattern $4231$ and $3412$.

The number of cyclically simple transpositions decreasing the number of cyclic descents needed to sort a permutation. This is for a permutation $\sigma$ of length $n$ and the set $T = \{ (1,2), \dots, (n-1,n), (1,n) \}$ given by $$\min\{ k \mid \sigma = t_1\dots t_k \text{ for } t_i \in T \text{ such that } t_1\dots t_j \text{ has more cyclic descents than } t_1\dots t_{j-1} \text{ for all } j\}.$$