The number of kings in a graph. A vertex of a graph is a king, if all its neighbours have smaller degree. In particular, an isolated vertex is a king.

The number of standard tableaux of shape equal to the given partition such that the minimal cyclic descent is odd. To be precise, this is given for a partition $\lambda \vdash n$ by the number of standard tableaux $T$ of shape $\lambda$ such that $\min\big( \operatorname{Des}(T) \cup \{n\} \big)$ is odd. The case of an even minimum is [[St000621]].

The minimal number of edges to add to make a graph Hamiltonian. A graph is Hamiltonian if it contains a cycle as a subgraph, which contains all vertices.

The multiplicity of the irreducible representation corresponding to a partition in the relabelling action on polygons. Equivalently, this is the multiplicity of the irreducible representation corresponding to a partition in the cycle index of the dihedral group. This statistic is only defined for partitions of size at least 3, to avoid ambiguity.

The spin of an integer partition. The Ferrers shape of an integer partition $\lambda$ can be decomposed into border strips. The spin is then defined to be the total number of crossings of border strips of $\lambda$ with the vertical lines in the Ferrers shape. The following example is taken from Appendix B in [1]: Let $\lambda = (5,5,4,4,2,1)$. Removing the border strips successively yields the sequence of partitions $$(5,5,4,4,2,1), (4,3,3,1), (2,2), (1), ().$$ The first strip $(5,5,4,4,2,1) \setminus (4,3,3,1)$ crosses $4$ times, the second strip $(4,3,3,1) \setminus (2,2)$ crosses $3$ times, the strip $(2,2) \setminus (1)$ crosses $1$ time, and the remaining strip $(1) \setminus ()$ does not cross. This yields the spin of $(5,5,4,4,2,1)$ to be $4+3+1 = 8$.