The largest eigenvalue of a graph if it is integral. If a graph is $d$-regular, then its largest eigenvalue equals $d$. One can show that the largest eigenvalue always lies between the average degree and the maximal degree. This statistic is undefined if the largest eigenvalue of the graph is not integral.

The dimension of a graph. The dimension of a graph is the least integer $n$ such that there exists a representation of the graph in the Euclidean space of dimension $n$ with all vertices distinct and all edges having unit length. Edges are allowed to intersect, however.

The bandwidth of a graph. The bandwidth of a graph is the smallest number $k$ such that the vertices of the graph can be ordered as $v_1,\dots,v_n$ with $k \cdot d(v_i,v_j) \geq |i-j|$. We adopt the convention that the singleton graph has bandwidth $0$, consistent with the bandwith of the complete graph on $n$ vertices having bandwidth $n-1$, but in contrast to any path graph on more than one vertex having bandwidth $1$. The bandwidth of a disconnected graph is the maximum of the bandwidths of the connected components.

The proper pathwidth of a graph. The proper pathwidth $\operatorname{ppw}(G)$ was introduced in [1] as the minimum width of a proper-path-decomposition. Barioli et al. [2] showed that if $G$ has at least one edge, then $\operatorname{ppw}(G)$ is the minimum $k$ for which $G$ is a minor of the Cartesian product $K_k \square P$ of a complete graph on $k$ vertices with a path; and further that $\operatorname{ppw}(G)$ is the minor monotone floor $\lfloor \operatorname{Z} \rfloor(G) := \min\{\operatorname{Z}(H) \mid G \preceq H\}$ of the [[St000482|zero forcing number]] $\operatorname{Z}(G)$. It can be shown [3, Corollary 9.130] that only the spanning supergraphs need to be considered for $H$ in this definition, i.e. $\lfloor \operatorname{Z} \rfloor(G) = \min\{\operatorname{Z}(H) \mid G \le H,\; V(H) = V(G)\}$. The minimum degree $\delta$, treewidth $\operatorname{tw}$, and pathwidth $\operatorname{pw}$ satisfy $$\delta \le \operatorname{tw} \le \operatorname{pw} \le \operatorname{ppw} = \lfloor \operatorname{Z} \rfloor \le \operatorname{pw} + 1.$$ Note that [4] uses a different notion of proper pathwidth, which is equal to bandwidth.

The pebbling number of a connected graph.

The number of corners of a skew partition. This is also known as the number of removable cells of the skew partition.

The jump number of the poset. A jump in a linear extension $e_1, \dots, e_n$ of a poset $P$ is a pair $(e_i, e_{i+1})$ so that $e_{i+1}$ does not cover $e_i$ in $P$. The jump number of a poset is the minimal number of jumps in linear extensions of a poset.

The number of simple modules with projective dimension two in the incidence algebra of the poset.

The number of rowmotion orbits of a poset. Rowmotion is an operation on order ideals in a poset $P$. It sends an order ideal $I$ to the order ideal generated by the minimal antichain of $P \setminus I$.

The balance constant multiplied with the number of linear extensions of a poset. A pair of elements $x,y$ of a poset is $\alpha$-balanced if the proportion $P(x,y)$ of linear extensions where $x$ comes before $y$ is between $\alpha$ and $1-\alpha$. The balance constant of a poset is $\max\min(P(x,y), P(y,x)).$ Kislitsyn [1] conjectured that every poset which is not a chain is $1/3$-balanced. Brightwell, Felsner and Trotter [2] show that it is at least $(1-\sqrt 5)/10$-balanced. Olson and Sagan [3] exhibit various posets that are $1/2$-balanced.