The sum of the products of all pairs of parts. This is the evaluation of the second elementary symmetric polynomial which is equal to $$e_2(\lambda) = \binom{n+1}{2} - \sum_{i=1}^\ell\binom{\lambda_i+1}{2}$$ for a partition $\lambda = (\lambda_1,\dots,\lambda_\ell) \vdash n$, see [1]. This is the maximal number of inversions a permutation with the given shape can have, see [2, cor.2.4].

The vector space dimension of the socle of the first syzygy module of the regular module (as a bimodule).

The number of indecomposable projective-injective modules in the algebra corresponding to a subset. Let $A_n=K[x]/(x^n)$. We associate to a nonempty subset S of an (n-1)-set the module $M_S$, which is the direct sum of $A_n$-modules with indecomposable non-projective direct summands of dimension $i$ when $i$ is in $S$ (note that such modules have vector space dimension at most n-1). Then the corresponding algebra associated to S is the stable endomorphism ring of $M_S$. We decode the subset as a binary word so that for example the subset $S=\{1,3 \}$ of $\{1,2,3 \}$ is decoded as 101.

The reduced word complexity of a permutation. For a permutation $\pi$, this is the smallest length of a word in simple transpositions that contains all reduced expressions of $\pi$. For example, the permutation $[3,2,1] = (12)(23)(12) = (23)(12)(23)$ and the reduced word complexity is $4$ since the smallest words containing those two reduced words as subwords are $(12),(23),(12),(23)$ and also $(23),(12),(23),(12)$. This statistic appears in [1, Question 6.1].

The Grundy value of Welter's game on a binary word. Two players take turns moving a $1$ to the left. The loosing positions are the words $1\dots 10\dots 0$.