Sum of the differences between projective and codominant dimension of the non-projective indecomposable injective modules in the Nakayama algebra corresponding to the Dyck path.

The number of successions of a permutation. A succession of a permutation $\pi$ is an index $i$ such that $\pi(i)+1 = \pi(i+1)$. Successions are also known as ''small ascents'' or ''1-rises''.

The number of rafts of a permutation. Let $\pi$ be a permutation of length $n$. A small ascent of $\pi$ is an index $i$ such that $\pi(i+1)= \pi(i)+1$, see [[St000441]], and a raft of $\pi$ is a non-empty maximal sequence of consecutive small ascents.

The number of double exceedences of a permutation. A double exceedence is an index $\sigma(i)$ such that $i < \sigma(i) < \sigma(\sigma(i))$.

The number of stack-sorts needed to sort a permutation. A permutation is (West) $t$-stack sortable if it is sortable using $t$ stacks in series. Let $W_t(n,k)$ be the number of permutations of size $n$ with $k$ descents which are $t$-stack sortable. Then the polynomials $W_{n,t}(x) = \sum_{k=0}^n W_t(n,k)x^k$ are symmetric and unimodal. We have $W_{n,1}(x) = A_n(x)$, the Eulerian polynomials. One can show that $W_{n,1}(x)$ and $W_{n,2}(x)$ are real-rooted. Precisely the permutations that avoid the pattern $231$ have statistic at most $1$, see [3]. These are counted by $\frac{1}{n+1}\binom{2n}{n}$ ([[OEIS:A000108]]). Precisely the permutations that avoid the pattern $2341$ and the barred pattern $3\bar 5241$ have statistic at most $2$, see [4]. These are counted by $\frac{2(3n)!}{(n+1)!(2n+1)!}$ ([[OEIS:A000139]]).

The length of the longest pattern of the form k 1 2...(k-1).