The maximal size of a rise in a permutation. This is $\max_i \sigma_{i+1}-\sigma_i$, except for the permutations without rises, where it is $0$.

The number of saliances of the permutation. A saliance is a right-to-left maximum. This can be described as an occurrence of the mesh pattern $([1], {(1,1)})$, i.e., the upper right quadrant is shaded, see [1].

The first entry of the permutation. This can be described as 1 plus the number of occurrences of the vincular pattern ([2,1], {(0,0),(0,1),(0,2)}), i.e., the first column is shaded, see [1]. This statistic is related to the number of deficiencies [[St000703]] as follows: consider the arc diagram of a permutation $\pi$ of $n$, together with its rotations, obtained by conjugating with the long cycle $(1,\dots,n)$. Drawing the labels $1$ to $n$ in this order on a circle, and the arcs $(i, \pi(i))$ as straight lines, the rotation of $\pi$ is obtained by replacing each number $i$ by $(i\bmod n) +1$. Then, $\pi(1)-1$ is the number of rotations of $\pi$ where the arc $(1, \pi(1))$ is a deficiency. In particular, if $O(\pi)$ is the orbit of rotations of $\pi$, then the number of deficiencies of $\pi$ equals $$ \frac{1}{|O(\pi)|}\sum_{\sigma\in O(\pi)} (\sigma(1)-1). $$

The diagonal inversion number of an integer partition. The dinv of a partition is the number of cells $c$ in the diagram of an integer partition $\lambda$ for which $\operatorname{arm}(c)-\operatorname{leg}(c) \in \{0,1\}$. See also exercise 3.19 of [2]. This statistic is equidistributed with the length of the partition, see [3].

The length of the longest pattern of the form k 1 2...(k-1).

The number of distinct diagonal sums of a permutation matrix. For example, the sums of the diagonals of the matrix $$\left(\begin{array}{rrrr} 0 & 0 & 1 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 0 & 1 \\ 0 & 1 & 0 & 0 \\ 1 & 0 & 0 & 0 \end{array}\right)$$ are $(1,0,1,0,2,0)$, so the statistic is $3$.

The number of indices that are either left-to-right maxima or right-to-left minima. The (bivariate) generating function for this statistic is (essentially) given in [1], the mid points of a $321$ pattern in the permutation are those elements which are neither left-to-right maxima nor a right-to-left minima, see [[St000371]] and [[St000372]].

The number of corners of the ribbon associated with an integer composition. We associate a ribbon shape to a composition $c=(c_1,\dots,c_n)$ with $c_i$ cells in the $i$-th row from bottom to top, such that the cells in two rows overlap in precisely one cell. This statistic records the total number of corners of the ribbon shape.

The number of stack-sorts needed to sort a permutation. A permutation is (West) $t$-stack sortable if it is sortable using $t$ stacks in series. Let $W_t(n,k)$ be the number of permutations of size $n$ with $k$ descents which are $t$-stack sortable. Then the polynomials $W_{n,t}(x) = \sum_{k=0}^n W_t(n,k)x^k$ are symmetric and unimodal. We have $W_{n,1}(x) = A_n(x)$, the Eulerian polynomials. One can show that $W_{n,1}(x)$ and $W_{n,2}(x)$ are real-rooted. Precisely the permutations that avoid the pattern $231$ have statistic at most $1$, see [3]. These are counted by $\frac{1}{n+1}\binom{2n}{n}$ ([[OEIS:A000108]]). Precisely the permutations that avoid the pattern $2341$ and the barred pattern $3\bar 5241$ have statistic at most $2$, see [4]. These are counted by $\frac{2(3n)!}{(n+1)!(2n+1)!}$ ([[OEIS:A000139]]).

The maximum drop size of a permutation. The maximum drop size of a permutation $\pi$ of $[n]=\{1,2,\ldots, n\}$ is defined to be the maximum value of $i-\pi(i)$.