The order of the largest clique of the graph. A clique in a graph $G$ is a subset $U \subseteq V(G)$ such that any pair of vertices in $U$ are adjacent. I.e. the subgraph induced by $U$ is a complete graph.

The chromatic number of a graph. The minimal number of colors needed to color the vertices of the graph such that no two vertices which share an edge have the same color.

The Grundy number of a graph. The Grundy number $\Gamma(G)$ is defined to be the largest $k$ such that $G$ admits a greedy $k$-coloring. Any order of the vertices of $G$ induces a greedy coloring by assigning to the $i$-th vertex in this order the smallest positive integer such that the partial coloring remains a proper coloring. In particular, we have that $\chi(G) \leq \Gamma(G) \leq \Delta(G) + 1$, where $\chi(G)$ is the chromatic number of $G$ ([[St000098]]), and where $\Delta(G)$ is the maximal degree of a vertex of $G$ ([[St000171]]).

The number of minimal vertex covers of a graph. A '''vertex cover''' of a graph $G$ is a subset $S$ of the vertices of $G$ such that each edge of $G$ contains at least one vertex of $S$. A vertex cover is minimal if it contains the least possible number of vertices. This is also the leading coefficient of the clique polynomial of the complement of $G$. This is also the number of independent sets of maximal cardinality of $G$.

The number of different neighbourhoods in a graph.

The size of the core of a graph. The core of the graph $G$ is the smallest graph $C$ such that there is a graph homomorphism from $G$ to $C$ and a graph homomorphism from $C$ to $G$.

The 2-dynamic chromatic number of a graph. A $k$-dynamic coloring of a graph $G$ is a proper coloring of $G$ in such a way that each vertex $v$ sees at least $\min\{d(v), k\}$ colors in its neighborhood. The $k$-dynamic chromatic number of a graph is the smallest number of colors needed to find an $k$-dynamic coloring. This statistic records the $2$-dynamic chromatic number of a graph.

The 3-dynamic chromatic number of a graph. A $k$-dynamic coloring of a graph $G$ is a proper coloring of $G$ in such a way that each vertex $v$ sees at least $\min\{d(v), k\}$ colors in its neighborhood. The $k$-dynamic chromatic number of a graph is the smallest number of colors needed to find an $k$-dynamic coloring. This statistic records the $3$-dynamic chromatic number of a graph.

The game chromatic number of a graph. Two players, Alice and Bob, take turns colouring properly any uncolored vertex of the graph. Alice begins. If it is not possible for either player to colour a vertex, then Bob wins. If the graph is completely colored, Alice wins. The game chromatic number is the smallest number of colours such that Alice has a winning strategy.

The Alon-Tarsi number of a graph. Let $G$ be a graph with vertices $\{1,\dots,n\}$ and edge set $E$. Let $P_G=\prod_{i < j, (i,j)\in E} x_i-x_j$ be its graph polynomial. Then the Alon-Tarsi number is the smallest number $k$ such that $P_G$ contains a monomial with exponents strictly less than $k$.