The second Elser number of a connected graph. For a connected graph $G$ the $k$-th Elser number is $$ els_k(G) = (-1)^{|V(G)|+1} \sum_N (-1)^{|E(N)|} |V(N)|^k $$ where the sum is over all nuclei of $G$, that is, the connected subgraphs of $G$ whose vertex set is a vertex cover of $G$. It is clear that this number is even. It was shown in [1] that it is non-negative.

The pebbling number of a connected graph.

The radius of a connected graph. This is the minimum eccentricity of any vertex.

The multiplicity of the largest distance Laplacian eigenvalue in a connected graph. The distance Laplacian of a graph is the (symmetric) matrix with row and column sums $0$, which has the negative distances between two vertices as its off-diagonal entries. This statistic is the largest multiplicity of an eigenvalue. For example, the cycle on four vertices has distance Laplacian $$ \left(\begin{array}{rrrr} 4 & -1 & -2 & -1 \\ -1 & 4 & -1 & -2 \\ -2 & -1 & 4 & -1 \\ -1 & -2 & -1 & 4 \end{array}\right). $$ Its eigenvalues are $0,4,4,6$, so the statistic is $1$. The path on four vertices has eigenvalues $0, 4.7\dots, 6, 9.2\dots$ and therefore also statistic $1$. The graphs with statistic $n-1$, $n-2$ and $n-3$ have been characterised, see [1].

The determinant of the distance matrix of a connected graph.

The number of distinct eigenvalues of the distance Laplacian of a connected graph.

The diameter of a connected graph. This is the greatest distance between any pair of vertices.

The Gutman (or modified Schultz) index of a connected graph. This is $$\sum_{\{u,v\}\subseteq V} d(u)d(v)d(u,v)$$ where $d(u)$ is the degree of vertex $u$ and $d(u,v)$ is the distance between vertices $u$ and $v$. For trees on $n$ vertices, the modified Schultz index is related to the Wiener index via $S^\ast(T)=4W(T)-(n-1)(2n-1)$ [1].