The maximal overlap of the cylindrical tableau associated with a tableau. A cylindrical tableau associated with a standard Young tableau $T$ is the skew row-strict tableau obtained by gluing two copies of $T$ such that the inner shape is a rectangle. The overlap, recorded in this statistic, equals $\max_C\big(2\ell(T) - \ell(C)\big)$, where $\ell$ denotes the number of rows of a tableau and the maximum is taken over all cylindrical tableaux. In particular, the statistic equals $0$, if and only if the last entry of the first row is larger than or equal to the first entry of the last row. Moreover, the statistic attains its maximal value, the number of rows of the tableau minus 1, if and only if the tableau consists of a single column.

The index of the last row whose first entry is the row number in a standard Young tableau.

The number of global descents of a permutation. The global descents are the integers in the set $$C(\pi)=\{i\in [n-1] : \forall 1 \leq j \leq i < k \leq n :\quad \pi(j) > \pi(k)\}.$$ In particular, if $i\in C(\pi)$ then $i$ is a descent. For the number of global ascents, see [[St000234]].

The depth of the label 1 in the decreasing labelled unordered tree associated with the set partition. The bijection between set partitions of $\{1,\dots,n\}$ into $k$ blocks and trees with $n+1-k$ leaves is described in Theorem 1 of [1].

The number of global ascents of a permutation. The global ascents are the integers $i$ such that $$C(\pi)=\{i\in [n-1] \mid \forall 1 \leq j \leq i < k \leq n: \pi(j) < \pi(k)\}.$$ Equivalently, by the pigeonhole principle, $$C(\pi)=\{i\in [n-1] \mid \forall 1 \leq j \leq i: \pi(j) \leq i \}.$$ For $n > 1$ it can also be described as an occurrence of the mesh pattern $$([1,2], \{(0,2),(1,0),(1,1),(2,0),(2,1) \})$$ or equivalently $$([1,2], \{(0,1),(0,2),(1,1),(1,2),(2,0) \}),$$ see [3]. According to [2], this is also the cardinality of the connectivity set of a permutation. The permutation is connected, when the connectivity set is empty. This gives [[oeis:A003319]].

The number of saliances of the permutation. A saliance is a right-to-left maximum. This can be described as an occurrence of the mesh pattern $([1], {(1,1)})$, i.e., the upper right quadrant is shaded, see [1].

The number of touch points (or returns) of a Dyck path. This is the number of points, excluding the origin, where the Dyck path has height 0.

The first entry of the permutation. This can be described as 1 plus the number of occurrences of the vincular pattern ([2,1], {(0,0),(0,1),(0,2)}), i.e., the first column is shaded, see [1]. This statistic is related to the number of deficiencies [[St000703]] as follows: consider the arc diagram of a permutation $\pi$ of $n$, together with its rotations, obtained by conjugating with the long cycle $(1,\dots,n)$. Drawing the labels $1$ to $n$ in this order on a circle, and the arcs $(i, \pi(i))$ as straight lines, the rotation of $\pi$ is obtained by replacing each number $i$ by $(i\bmod n) +1$. Then, $\pi(1)-1$ is the number of rotations of $\pi$ where the arc $(1, \pi(1))$ is a deficiency. In particular, if $O(\pi)$ is the orbit of rotations of $\pi$, then the number of deficiencies of $\pi$ equals $$\frac{1}{|O(\pi)|}\sum_{\sigma\in O(\pi)} (\sigma(1)-1).$$

The number of connected components of the complement of a graph. The complement of a graph is the graph on the same vertex set with complementary edges.

The number of leading ones in a binary word.