The positive Catalan number of an irreducible finite Cartan type. The positive Catalan number of an irreducible finite Cartan type is defined as the product $$ Cat^+(W) = \prod_{i=1}^n \frac{d_i-2+h}{d_i} = \prod_{i=1}^n \frac{d^*_i+h}{d_i}$$ where * $W$ is the Weyl group of the given Cartan type, * $n$ is the rank of $W$, * $d_1 \leq d_2 \leq \ldots \leq d_n$ are the degrees of the fundamental invariants of $W$, * $d^*_1 \geq d^*_2 \geq \ldots \geq d^*_n$ are the codegrees for $W$, see [2], and * $h = d_n$ is the corresponding Coxeter number. The positive Catalan number $Cat^+(W)$ counts various combinatorial objects, among which are * noncrossing partitions of full Coxeter support inside $W$, * antichains not containing simple roots in the root poset, * bounded regions within the fundamental chamber in the Shi arrangement. For a detailed treatment and further references, see [1].

The number of reflections of the Weyl group of a finite Cartan type. By the one-to-one correspondence between reflections and reflecting hyperplanes, this is also the number of reflecting hyperplanes. This is given by $nh/2$ where $n$ is the rank and $h$ is the Coxeter number.

The number of maximal antichains in a poset.

The rank of the boundary operator in degree 1 of the chain complex of the order complex of the poset.

The number of elements in the poset.

The number of cuts of a poset. A cut is a subset $A$ of the poset such that the set of lower bounds of the set of upper bounds of $A$ is exactly $A$.

The number of distinct eigenvalues of a graph.

The number of modular elements of a lattice. A pair $(x, y)$ of elements of a lattice $L$ is a modular pair if for every $z\geq y$ we have that $(y\vee x) \wedge z = y \vee (x \wedge z)$. An element $x$ is left-modular if $(x, y)$ is a modular pair for every $y\in L$, and is modular if both $(x, y)$ and $(y, x)$ are modular pairs for every $y\in L$.

The number of left modular elements of a lattice. A pair $(x, y)$ of elements of a lattice $L$ is a modular pair if for every $z\geq y$ we have that $(y\vee x) \wedge z = y \vee (x \wedge z)$. An element $x$ is left-modular if $(x, y)$ is a modular pair for every $y\in L$.

The number of positive eigenvalues of the Laplacian matrix of the graph. This is the number of vertices minus the number of connected components of the graph.