The weighted size of a partition.
Let $\lambda = (\lambda_0\geq\lambda_1 \geq \dots\geq\lambda_m)$ be an integer partition. Then the weighted size of $\lambda$ is
$$\sum_{i=0}^m i \cdot \lambda_i.$$
This is also the sum of the leg lengths of the cells in $\lambda$, or
$$\sum_i \binom{\lambda^{\prime}_i}{2}$$
where $\lambda^{\prime}$ is the conjugate partition of $\lambda$.
This is the minimal number of inversions a permutation with the given shape can have, see [1, cor.2.2].
This is also the smallest possible sum of the entries of a semistandard tableau (allowing 0 as a part) of shape $\lambda=(\lambda_0,\lambda_1,\ldots,\lambda_m)$, obtained uniquely by placing $i-1$ in all the cells of the $i$th row of $\lambda$, see [2, eq.7.103].

The bounce path determined by an integer composition.

The Lewis-Lyu-Pylyavskyy-Sen shape of a permutation.
An ascent in a sequence $u = (u_1, u_2, \ldots)$ is an index $i$ such that $u_i < u_{i+1}$. Let $\mathrm{asc}(u)$ denote the number of ascents of $u$, and let
$$\mathrm{asc}^{*}(u) := \begin{cases} 0 &\textrm{if u is empty}, \\ 1 + \mathrm{asc}(u) &\textrm{otherwise}.\end{cases}$$
Given a permutation $w$ in the symmetric group $\mathfrak{S}_n$, define
$A'_k := \max_{u_1, \ldots, u_k} (\mathrm{asc}^{*}(u_1) + \cdots + \mathrm{asc}^{*}(u_k))$
where the maximum is taken over disjoint subsequences ${u_i}$ of $w$.
Then $A'_1, A'_2-A'_1, A'_3-A'_2,\dots$ is a partition of $n$. Its conjugate is the Lewis-Lyu-Pylyavskyy-Sen shape of a permutation.

Sends a Dyck path to a 132-avoiding permutation.
This bijection is defined in [1, Section 2].