The largest eigenvalue of a graph if it is integral.
If a graph is $d$-regular, then its largest eigenvalue equals $d$. One can show that the largest eigenvalue always lies between the average degree and the maximal degree.
This statistic is undefined if the largest eigenvalue of the graph is not integral.

The threshold graph corresponding to the composition.
A threshold graph is a graph that can be obtained from the empty graph by adding successively isolated and dominating vertices.
A threshold graph is uniquely determined by its degree sequence.
The Laplacian spectrum of a threshold graph is integral. Interpreting it as an integer partition, it is the conjugate of the partition given by its degree sequence.

Sends a Dyck path to a 132-avoiding permutation.
This bijection is defined in [1, Section 2].

The DEX composition of a permutation.
Let $\pi$ be a permutation in $\mathfrak S_n$. Let $\bar\pi$ be the word in the ordered set $\bar 1 < \dots < \bar n < 1 \dots < n$ obtained from $\pi$ by replacing every excedance $\pi(i) > i$ by $\overline{\pi(i)}$. Then the DEX set of $\pi$ is the set of indices $1 \leq i < n$ such that $\bar\pi(i) > \bar\pi(i+1)$. Finally, the DEX composition $c_1, \dots, c_k$ of $n$ corresponds to the DEX subset $\{c_1, c_1 + c_2, \dots, c_1 + \dots + c_{k-1}\}$.
The (quasi)symmetric function
$$ \sum_{\pi\in\mathfrak S_{\lambda, j}} F_{DEX(\pi)}, $$
where the sum is over the set of permutations of cycle type $\lambda$ with $j$ excedances, is the Eulerian quasisymmetric function.