The length of a longest pair of twins in a permutation. A pair of twins in a permutation is a pair of two disjoint subsequences which are order isomorphic.

The maximal size of a pair of weak twins for a permutation. A pair of weak twins in a permutation is a pair of two disjoint subsequences of the same length with the same descent pattern. More formally, a pair of weak twins of size $k$ for a permutation $\pi$ of length $n$ are two disjoint lists $1 \leq i_1 < \dots < i_k \leq n$ and $1 \leq j_1 < \dots < j_k \leq n$ such that $\pi(i_a) < \pi(i_{a+1})$ if and only if $\pi(j_a) < \pi(j_{a+1})$ for all $1 \leq a < k$.

The minimal number of edges to remove to make a graph bipartite.

The minimal number of edges to remove to make a graph triangle-free.

The maximal modular displacement of a permutation. This is $\max_{1\leq i \leq n} \left(\min(\pi(i)-i\pmod n, i-\pi(i)\pmod n)\right)$ for a permutation $\pi$ of $\{1,\dots,n\}$.

The diameter of a connected graph. This is the greatest distance between any pair of vertices.

The largest eigenvalue of a graph if it is integral. If a graph is $d$-regular, then its largest eigenvalue equals $d$. One can show that the largest eigenvalue always lies between the average degree and the maximal degree. This statistic is undefined if the largest eigenvalue of the graph is not integral.