The number of inversions of a permutation. This equals the minimal number of simple transpositions $(i,i+1)$ needed to write $\pi$. Thus, it is also the Coxeter length of $\pi$.

The major index of a permutation. This is the sum of the positions of its descents, $$\operatorname{maj}(\sigma) = \sum_{\sigma(i) > \sigma(i+1)} i.$$ Its generating function is $[n]_q! = [1]_q \cdot [2]_q \dots [n]_q$ for $[k]_q = 1 + q + q^2 + \dots q^{k-1}$. A statistic equidistributed with the major index is called '''Mahonian statistic'''.

The number of entries equal to -1 in an alternating sign matrix. The number of nonzero entries, [[St000890]] is twice this number plus the dimension of the matrix.

The number of non-inversions of a permutation. For a permutation of $\{1,\ldots,n\}$, this is given by $\operatorname{noninv}(\pi) = \binom{n}{2}-\operatorname{inv}(\pi)$.

The normalized area of the parallelogram polyomino associated with the Dyck path. The area of the smallest parallelogram polyomino equals the semilength of the Dyck path. This statistic is therefore the area of the parallelogram polyomino minus the semilength of the Dyck path. The area itself is equidistributed with [[St001034]] and with [[St000395]].

The Z-index of a set partition. The Mahonian representation of a set partition $\{B_1,\dots,B_k\}$ of $\{1,\dots,n\}$ is the restricted growth word $w_1\dots w_n$ obtained by sorting the blocks of the set partition according to their maximal element, and setting $w_i$ to the index of the block containing $i$. The Z-index of $w$ equals $$ \sum_{i < j} w_{i,j}, $$ where $w_{i,j}$ is the word obtained from $w$ by removing all letters different from $i$ and $j$.

The (standard) major index of a standard tableau. A descent of a standard tableau $T$ is an index $i$ such that $i+1$ appears in a row strictly below the row of $i$. The (standard) major index is the the sum of the descents.

The sum of the heights of the peaks of a Dyck path minus the number of peaks.

The rcs statistic of a set partition. Let $S = B_1,\ldots,B_k$ be a set partition with ordered blocks $B_i$ and with $\operatorname{min} B_a < \operatorname{min} B_b$ for $a < b$. According to [1, Definition 3], a '''rcs''' (right-closer-smaller) of $S$ is given by a pair $i > j$ such that $j = \operatorname{max} B_b$ and $i \in B_a$ for $a < b$.

The cyclomatic number of a graph. This is the minimum number of edges that must be removed from the graph so that the result is a forest. This is also the first Betti number of the graph. It can be computed as $c + m - n$, where $c$ is the number of connected components, $m$ is the number of edges and $n$ is the number of vertices.