The length of the longest staircase fitting into an integer composition. For a given composition $c_1,\dots,c_n$, this is the maximal number $\ell$ such that there are indices $i_1 < \dots < i_\ell$ with $c_{i_k} \geq k$, see [def.3.1, 1]

The register function (or Horton-Strahler number) of a binary tree. This is different from the dimension of the associated poset for the tree $[[[.,.],[.,.]],[[.,.],[.,.]]]$: its register function is 3, whereas the dimension of the associated poset is 2.

The pruning number of an ordered tree. A hanging branch of an ordered tree is a proper factor of the form $[^r]^r$ for some $r\geq 1$. A hanging branch is a maximal hanging branch if it is not a proper factor of another hanging branch. A pruning of an ordered tree is the act of deleting all its maximal hanging branches. The pruning order of an ordered tree is the number of prunings required to reduce it to $[]$.

The number of parts of the shifted shape of a permutation. The diagram of a strict partition $\lambda_1 < \lambda_2 < \dots < \lambda_\ell$ of $n$ is a tableau with $\ell$ rows, the $i$-th row being indented by $i$ cells. A shifted standard Young tableau is a filling of such a diagram, where entries in rows and columns are strictly increasing. The shifted Robinson-Schensted algorithm [1] associates to a permutation a pair $(P, Q)$ of standard shifted Young tableaux of the same shape, where off-diagonal entries in $Q$ may be circled. This statistic records the number of parts of the shifted shape.

The length of the longest cycle of a permutation.

The largest integer such that all patterns of this size are contained in the permutation.