The number of peaks of the associated bargraph. Interpret the composition as the sequence of heights of the bars of a bargraph. This statistic is the number of contiguous subsequences consisting of an up step, a sequence of horizontal steps, and a down step.

The cycle descent number of a permutation. Let $(i_1,\ldots,i_k)$ be a cycle of a permutation $\pi$ such that $i_1$ is its smallest element. A **cycle descent** of $(i_1,\ldots,i_k)$ is an $i_a$ for $1 \leq a < k$ such that $i_a > i_{a+1}$. The **cycle descent set** of $\pi$ is then the set of descents in all the cycles of $\pi$, and the **cycle descent number** is its cardinality.

The number of occurrences of the pattern 1324 in a permutation. There is no explicit formula known for the number of permutations avoiding this pattern (denoted by $S_n(1324)$), but it is shown in [1], improving bounds in [2] and [3] that $$\lim_{n \rightarrow \infty} \sqrt[n]{S_n(1324)} \leq 13.73718.$$

The number of right ropes of a permutation. Let $\pi$ be a permutation of length $n$. A raft of $\pi$ is a non-empty maximal sequence of consecutive small ascents, [[St000441]], and a right rope is a large ascent after a raft of $\pi$. See Definition 3.10 and Example 3.11 in [1].

The number of right tethers of a permutation. Let $\pi$ be a permutation of length $n$. A raft of $\pi$ is a non-empty maximal sequence of consecutive small ascents, [[St000441]], and a right tether is a large ascent between two consecutive rafts of $\pi$. See Definition 3.10 and Example 3.11 in [1].

The sum of the heights of the valleys of the associated bargraph. Interpret the composition as the sequence of heights of the bars of a bargraph. A valley is a contiguous subsequence consisting of an up step, a sequence of horizontal steps, and a down step. This statistic is the sum of the heights of the valleys.

Number of occurrences of the patterns 41352,42351,51342,52341 in a permutation.

The number of non-records in a permutation. A record in a permutation $\pi$ is a value $\pi(j)$ which is a left-to-right minimum, a left-to-right maximum, a right-to-left minimum, or a right-to-left maximum. For example, in the permutation $\pi = [1, 4, 3, 2, 5]$, the values $1$ is a left-to-right minimum, $1, 4, 5$ are left-to-right maxima, $5, 2, 1$ are right-to-left minima and $5$ is a right-to-left maximum. Hence, $3$ is the unique non-record. Permutations without non-records are called square [1].

The evaluation at 1 of the Kazhdan-Lusztig polynomial with parameters given by the identity and the permutation. These are multiplicities of Verma modules.

The first entry of the permutation. This can be described as 1 plus the number of occurrences of the vincular pattern ([2,1], {(0,0),(0,1),(0,2)}), i.e., the first column is shaded, see [1]. This statistic is related to the number of deficiencies [[St000703]] as follows: consider the arc diagram of a permutation $\pi$ of $n$, together with its rotations, obtained by conjugating with the long cycle $(1,\dots,n)$. Drawing the labels $1$ to $n$ in this order on a circle, and the arcs $(i, \pi(i))$ as straight lines, the rotation of $\pi$ is obtained by replacing each number $i$ by $(i\bmod n) +1$. Then, $\pi(1)-1$ is the number of rotations of $\pi$ where the arc $(1, \pi(1))$ is a deficiency. In particular, if $O(\pi)$ is the orbit of rotations of $\pi$, then the number of deficiencies of $\pi$ equals $$ \frac{1}{|O(\pi)|}\sum_{\sigma\in O(\pi)} (\sigma(1)-1). $$