The number of edges that can be added without increasing the clique number.

The number of edges that can be added without increasing the chromatic number.

The number of standard tableaux of shape equal to the given partition such that the minimal cyclic descent is even. To be precise, this is given for a partition $\lambda \vdash n$ by the number of standard tableaux $T$ of shape $\lambda$ such that $\min\big( \operatorname{Des}(T) \cup \{n\} \big)$ is even. This notion was used in [1, Proposition 2.3], see also [2, Theorem 1.1]. The case of an odd minimum is [[St000620]].

The number of standard desarrangement tableaux of shape equal to the given partition. A '''standard desarrangement tableau''' is a standard tableau whose first ascent is even. Here, an ascent of a standard tableau is an entry $i$ such that $i+1$ appears to the right or above $i$ in the tableau (with respect to English tableau notation). This is also the nullity of the random-to-random operator (and the random-to-top) operator acting on the simple module of the symmetric group indexed by the given partition. See also: * [[St000046]]: The largest eigenvalue of the random to random operator acting on the simple module corresponding to the given partition * [[St000500]]: Eigenvalues of the random-to-random operator acting on the regular representation.

The minimal number of edges to add or remove to make a graph regular.

The minimal number of edges to add or remove to make a graph vertex transitive. A graph is vertex transitive if for any two edges there is an automorphism that maps one vertex to the other.

The number of modular elements of a lattice. A pair $(x, y)$ of elements of a lattice $L$ is a modular pair if for every $z\geq y$ we have that $(y\vee x) \wedge z = y \vee (x \wedge z)$. An element $x$ is left-modular if $(x, y)$ is a modular pair for every $y\in L$, and is modular if both $(x, y)$ and $(y, x)$ are modular pairs for every $y\in L$.

The number of left modular elements of a lattice. A pair $(x, y)$ of elements of a lattice $L$ is a modular pair if for every $z\geq y$ we have that $(y\vee x) \wedge z = y \vee (x \wedge z)$. An element $x$ is left-modular if $(x, y)$ is a modular pair for every $y\in L$.

The number of tolerances of a finite lattice. Let $L$ be a lattice. A tolerance $\tau$ is a reflexive and symmetric relation on $L$ which is compatible with meet and join. Equivalently, a tolerance of $L$ is the image of a congruence by a surjective lattice homomorphism onto $L$. The number of tolerances of a chain of $n$ elements is the Catalan number $\frac{1}{n+1}\binom{2n}{n}$, see [2].